Biological Influence Of Male Homosexuality - 882 Words

(1) LeVay, S. and Hamer, D., 1994. Evidence for a Biological Influence in Male Homosexuality. Scientific American, [e-journal] Available through: Research Gate website [Accessed 17 March 2016]. The research article suggests a structure within the human brain and a genetic link indicate the biological factor for male homosexuality. The journal investigates an experiment about the role of male genetics in sexual orientation by analysing the hypothalamus in autopsy specimens from homosexual and heterosexual men. Increased possibilities of same-sex orientation were discovered in the maternal male cousins and uncles of the participants, instead of their father or parental relatives. Also, the researchers discovered a brain cell group ‘INAH’ had a potentiality of being the sex-orientated DNA, indicating that the reason of homosexuality may be related to genetics. The research is conducted by by Simon LeVay and Dean H. Hame. LeVay earned a doctorate in neuroanatomy at the University of Gottingen in Germany. He then went to Harvard University to work on the brain’s visual system, and later the Salk Institute for Biological Studies to head the vision laboratory. In 1992 he found the Institute of Gay and Lesbian Education. Hamer received his Ph.D. in biological chemistry from Harvard in 1977. He studies the role of genes both in sexual orientation and in complex medical conditions. Both researchers were renowned in the biology area attests to the validity of this source.Show MoreRelatedHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe and have debated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are referred to as gays while the female ones are called lesbians. Ideally, since timeRead MorePsychology And Science Of A Heterosexual And Homosexual Man Through The Course Of Nature Vs. Nurture1168 Words   |  5 PagesHamers, Sanders, Hansen. The perception of whether homosexuality conforms to the course of nature vs. nurture can influence the amount of scrutiny judged upon affected individuals. So, the purpose of this extended essay is to answer the research question of to what extent is there a biological basis with neurological structurally, genetically, hormonally, and prenatally behind male homosexuality and how an individual’s perception of this fact influences their behavior towards homosexuals. FurthermoreRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not A Choice For Adults963 Words   |  4 PagesBiological Based Homosexuality Over the past few decades, there has been controversy over the topic of homosexuality. Many people believe that there are homosexuals make the choice to be homosexual. On the contrary, several studies show that there are genetic factors that lead individuals toward a homosexual preference. The rights of people who are homosexual are becoming more progressive and are almost equivalent to those who are heterosexual in the United States. Homosexuality is a biologicalRead MoreEssay about Causes of Homosexuality - Nature AND Nuture564 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand why anyone would want to get involved in homosexual activity. There are many arguments about homosexuality whether is by nature or nurture. Before we make judgments on homosexuality, we need to identify the causes of homosexuality. Homosexuality is caused by genetic, biological and environmental factors. The first possible cause of homosexuality is genetic factors. Homosexuality is a trait from birth (Buchanan, 2000). Studies found that identical twins share many common traits. A studyRead MoreHuman Sexuality Paper1490 Words   |  6 Pages SXS 400 Essay If sexual orientation is something that we can’t change or choose, then how are these specific preferences such as heterosexuality and homosexuality created? How does one person progress to either heterosexuality or homosexuality? Studies showed that there were genetic factors linked to influencing sexual orientation in males before they were born by increasing the female reproductive capacity in mothers during multiple births. (Iemmole, Ciani, 2008: 393) Though that doesn’t meanRead MoreHomosexuality, Genetics or Preference? Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesLet us begin with a definition of homosexuality. Homosexuality refers to a sexual attraction and or behavior between people of the same sex. In origin the word homosexual comes from the Greek word for â€Å"same† with the Latin word for â€Å"sex†. In my opinion, homosexuality can be classified into two groups - one being sexual orientation and the other being sexual preference. Homosexuality as a sexua l orientation refers to an enduring pattern or disposition to experience sexual, affectional, or amorousRead MoreGay Men Born Gay1235 Words   |  5 PagesAngeles Monday, Sept. 09, 1991 Gay men often claim that even as children they knew they were somehow different from other boys. Many say that sense even preceded puberty. And yet, though researchers have tried for decades to identify a biological basis for homosexuality -- which seems to be present in all human societies -- they have mostly come up dry. Tantalizing clues have surfaced: gays are more likely to be left-handed, for instance. But in the end, there has been little proof that biology is sexualRead MoreDoes Homosexuality Change the Brain or the Brain Results in Homosexuality?1039 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexuality is a product of biology because according to research, the hormones of the females are stronger. Dr. Hamer states that sexual orientation, male homosexuality is genetically influenced. This is passed down through their mothers to the hormone of their offspring. Sexual identity is wired into the genes, which discounts the concept that homosexuality and transgender sexuality are a choice. Since sexual differentiation occurs within the womb, as a result of hormonal influences, it hasRead MoreIs Homosexuality Or Not?1707 Words   |  7 Pages Is homosexuality genetic? This a common question asked among society today. While some people argue that homosexuality is genetic, some people also believe that it is nature and not nurture. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. Genetic processes work in combination with an organism s environment and experiences that influence development and behavior of the organism, often stated to as nature vs nurture. Trait inheritance of genes is still

Woodstock Music and Art Festival Free Essays

Woodstock started out as just a big bash and ended as a once-in-a-life-time occurrence. The original Woodstock-goers share a bond and uniqueness that will be hard, if not impossible, for anyone to ever reproduce. Who started such a party? Why was it started? Did the promoters believe it would turn out quite like it did? What was the real Woodstock experience actually like? Four very young and very different men sponsored Woodstock: John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Artie Kornfield, and Michael Lang. We will write a custom essay sample on Woodstock Music and Art Festival or any similar topic only for you Order Now John Roberts was the oldest, at age twenty-six. Being heir to a drugstore and toothpaste manufacturing company, he supplied most of the money. In 1966 he met Joel Rosenman, who had just graduated from Yale Law School and was playing guitar for motel lounge bands in the Long Island area. By 1967 they shared an apartment and an idea for a screwball comedy show about two guys with unlimited resources who are always getting involved with crazy innovations. While looking for new ideas to help the show, they essentially became the characters of it. Artie Kornfield was the vice president of Capital Records and had written at least thirty hit singles. Michael Lang was the youngest in the group, at age twenty-three, and was the manager of a rock group called Train. In December of 1968 he met with Kornfield to discuss a record deal. They hit it off immediately and ended up sharing some similar ideas. One for a cultural exposition/rock concert/extravaganza and another for a recording studio set one hundred miles from Manhattan in a town called Woodstock. Their only problem was getting the money to finance it. Their lawyer recommended they talk to Roberts and Rosenman. In March of 1969, after a written proposal and a discussed budget of about half a million dollars, the four partners formed a corporation called Woodstock Ventures. The Woodstock Ventures team planned to create the world’s largest rock n’ roll show ever. They wanted it to include the back-to-the-land spirit, yet still be easily accessible. They ended up leasing an industrial park in Wallkill, New York (about twenty miles from Woodstock, NY), from a man named Howard Mills, for ten thousand dollars. They planned the music and art festival to take place on August 15, 16, and 17, 1969. Over seventeen major acts were planned including Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, The Who, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Blood Sweat and Tears, and the Grateful Dead.2 The slogan, â€Å"Three Days of Peace and Music†, and the symbol, a catbird perched on a guitar, were agreed on by the four because they thought it would help break the hype about the concert creating violence. They hired Allan Markoff to be in charge of setting up the sound system, which at the amplifier’s lowest setting would cause pain to anyone within ten feet of a speak er. Since they couldn’t entice a big movie studio to film the weekend, they got Michael Wadleigh, who had a strong reputation as a cameraman and director, to do the job. The planning was not easy and Woodstock Ventures ran into a lot of problems. Wallkill residents found out about the festival, which was estimating an attendance of about two hundred thousand people, and got scared. They did not want hippies and rioters disrupting town life. They held a meeting on July 15, 1969 and passed a town ordinance, which prohibited all events that would draw a crowd of more than three thousand people.4 Joseph Owen, the assistant town attorney of Wallkill, made clear the penalty to such a violation, a fifty-dollar fine and/or six months in prison for each officer of the corporation for each day.5 Since Woodstock Ventures had already collected nearly three hundred thousand dollars worth of tickets (the cost for a one day ticket was seven dollars, a weekend ticket cost eighteen dollars), they had no choice but to find an alternative location for the festival. Elliot Tiber, owner of El Monaco (a resort on White Lake), read about Woodstock getting tossed out of Wallkill and realized that he had what Woodstock Ventures needed, a permit to hold a music festival in Bethel, New York. He contacted Lang who immediately came out to El Monaco. However, the resort was only about fifteen acres and they needed a lot more land than that. Tiber then thought of his friend, Max Yasgur, who owned a massive dairy farm right outside of Bethel. On July 20, 1969, Woodstock Ventures agreed to rent six hundred acres of the farm for seventy-five thousand dollars. Bethel residents started to read about Wallkill’s worries about the festival and they started to feel like the concert was pushed on them. George Cobb and other small landowners advised Bethel town attorney, Fredrick Schadt, and building inspector, Donald Clark, not to approve their permits.7 The landowners pressed charges against Woodstock Ventures to get them to increase security and sanitation levels. After several meetings and payoffs the court released a statement saying, â€Å"The differences between the parties have been resolved. The motion is withdrawn.† At last Woodstock was really going to happen. By Thursday, August 14, 1969 there were already about twenty-five thousand people at the site and more coming. The main highway, Route 17B, was backed up nearly ten miles. Hippie groups like the Pranksters, the Hog Farmers and Wavy Gravy set up side stages, kitchens and shelters to set a precedent for people who had never camped before and to help keep things in order.9 On the morning of Friday, August 15, 1969 several hundred New York police officers, hand-picked by Woodstock Ventures and promised fifty dollars a day, showed up to help keep order throughout the weekend. However, when they arrived they received a message stating that if they participated they may be subject to departmental censure. Several stayed to work under fake names and the agreement of being paid ninety dollars a day.10 Woodstock Ventures turned to the hippie groups to help with security and handed out passwords and symbols to the most fit. Around noon the ticket-ta kers showed up and wanted everyone to walk out and comeback in with their tickets ready. But security found this to be ridiculous and saw the only solution to be to take down the fence so everyone could enjoy. Drugs were as uncontrollable as the weather. The smell of burning marijuana filled the air. Acid was being passed out in Kool-Aid and other edible forms. Drugs such as heroin, opium, and mescaline were also being distributed throughout the festival. By midnight on Friday it started to rain and hardly let up the whole weekend. Nearly four hundred and fifty thousand people were packed together camping in the mud and sharing their love with each other. By Saturday morning there was already a food crisis. Local groups set up free kitchens and the National Guard had food and medical supplies flown in by helicopter. Three main medical tents were also setup to help organize the patients. There was one for people experiencing bad drug symptoms, another for people with bad cuts and abrasions (especially on the feet) and the last one was for people who burned their eyes from staring at the sun too long. A total of thirty two groups performed during the three day Woodstock event. On Friday, August 15, 1969 at 5:07pm Richie Havens entered the stage and started the music. Following his act was Country Joe McDonald, John Sebastian, Bert Sommer, Tim Hardin, Ravi Shankar, Melanie, Arlo Guthrie, and Joan Baez. On Saturday, August 16, 1969, around 12:15pm, Quill came on, followed by Keef Hartly, Santana, Mountain, Canned Heat, The Incredible String Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Janis Joplin, Sly and the Family Stone, The Who, and Jefferson Airplane. On Sunday, August 17, 1969, Joe Crocker took the stage around 2:00pm, due to a huge storm the music had to cease and did not continue until about 7:00pm. At that time Country Joe and the Fish came on, followed by Ten Years After, The Band, Blood Sweat and Tears, Johnny Winter, Crosby Stills Nash and Young, The Paul Butterfield Blues Band, and Sha-Na-Na. Last but not least, on Monday, August 18, 1969, around 8:30am Jimi Hendr ix walked on stage for an unforgettable ending. He played to a mere forty thousand people and officially ended the Woodstock Music and Art Fair at 10:30am. Woodstock was more than just an art and music festival; it was the capstone of an era and a cultural jungle. People of all sorts attended; Vietnam vets, black militants, anti-war protestors, rednecks, anti-gays, ban drug advocates, pro-government advocates, legalize drug advocates, gays/lesbians, and anti-government advocates. Although it might have seemed to be the start of a civilization collapse, it actually became the site of a mini-nation, in which minds were open and love was free. The people who came together on August of 1969 created an unforgettable landmark of the twentieth century, which changed the world forever. Gary Proud, an original Woodstock attendee, said, â€Å"You can shake off the mud, the music will fade, but you can never forget the emotions.† How to cite Woodstock Music and Art Festival, Papers

Acca F1 free essay sample

Session Objectives Topic 10 Macroeconomic Factors Define macro-economic policy Explain the main determinants of the level of business activity in the economy and how variations in the level of business activity affect individuals, households and businesses  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Session Objectives Explain the impact of economic issues on the individual, the household and the business: i) Inflation ii) Unemployment iii) Stagnation iv) International payments disequilibrium Session Objectives Describe the main types of economic policy that may be implemented by government and supra-national bodies to maximise economic welfare Recognise the impact of fiscal and monetary policy measures on the individual, the household and businesses  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Macroeconomics It is the study of how society allocates scarce resources which have alternative uses, between competing ends. It focuses on: Overall demand for goods and services Output of goods and services Supply of factors of production Total incomes earned by providers of factors of production Difference between Macro- and Micro-economics Microeconomics –study of economic behaviour of individual consumers, firms and industries Macroeconomics – Considers aggregate behaviour and the sum of individual economic decisions  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Macroeconomic Policy Objectives Economic Growth Inflation Unemployment Balance of Payments Factors Influencing Level of Business Activity Confidence Aggregate demand Capital Use of Resources Government Policy Exchange Rate Movements  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Confidence Greater Consumer confidence lead to higher business confidence and higher investment in new factories Confidence is adversely affected by political instability, disasters, unemployment, inflation Aggregate Demand It is the total demand for the country’s output It is calculated as: AD = Consumer spending + Investment by firms + Government spending + Demand from exports – imports Higher demand results in firms increasing output Higher demand can result in inflationary pressure  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Capital Firms need finance to invest in new projects Greater availability of finance results in higher investments Lower interest rates will make capital cheaper Use of Resources New Technology and more efficient working practices can improve productivity and lower costs Advances in level of education  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Government Policy Governments can increase or decrease the level of aggregate demand through fiscal policy Investment in the infrastructure of the economy can attract investment Exchange Rate Movements Strengthening currency will make a country’s exports more expensive Imports will get cheaper accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Trade Cycles Trade Cycles Recession starts when demand begins to fall. Reduction in demand feeds into household incomes and the economy moves into a slump Slowly economic activity begins to pickup and the economy moves to re covery. The economy will expand pushing upwards into boom.  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Stagnation and Economic Growth Growth implies: More goods demanded and produced People earn more and can afford more goods More people should have jobs Problems with Growth Growth may not keep up with population growth Growth rates should exceed inflation rates for benefits to arise Growth may be in illegal goods like drugs Gap between haves and have nots may grow Measurement of growth is difficult given the existence of black market Rapid growth means rising incomes and leads to imports thus worsening BOP condition accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Inflation Government wants stable prices and low inflation because: Inflation causes uncertainty and stifles investment Not all incomes rise in line with inflation Inflation may cause civil unrest Unemployment Unemployment is a problem because: Unemployment benefi ts Rise in crime Waste of human resources  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. om 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Balance of Payment It is a statement of the balance of a countrys trade and financial transactions with the rest of the world over a specific period usually a year. A long-term trade deficit needs to be financed. A long-term trade can lead to inflationary surpluses leading to loss in international confidence Economic Policy Options Fiscal Policy options Monetary policy options Demand and supply side policies  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Fiscal Policy options Fiscal policy refers to government’s taxation and spending plans. It includes: A balanced budget: In the medium to long term, government should aim to achieve a balanced budget Govern ment income = Government Expenditure Fiscal Policy options  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Running a Budget Deficit Govt income ; Govt expenditure = Budget deficit Budget deficit is financed through borrowing It is referred to as the Public Sector Net Cash Requirement It is often used to close a deflationary gap Running a Budget Deficit Deflationary gap is said to exist when the current equilibrium level of national income is too low to provide employment opportunities for all those seeking work The government follows an expansionary policy to boost demand and reduce unemployment  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. om 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Running a Balanced Surplus Govt income ; Govt expenditure = Budget surplus This may lead to inflation Inflationary gap exists Government follows a contractionary policy to reduce aggregate demand Monetary Policy Options Monetary policy refers to management of money supply in the economy. It can involve: Changing interest rates Setting reserve requirements fo r banks Trading in foreign exchange markets  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Expansionary / Contractionary Monetary Policy Expansionary increases the money supply and contractionary decreases it Expansionary combats unemployment in a recession and contractionary raises interest rates to combat inflation Money Supply Money supply is the total amount of money in the economy. Measures of money supply include: M0 = Notes and coins in circulation and balances at the country’s Central Bank M4= Notes and coins and all private sector sterling bank / building society deposits  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Reserve Requirements Banks operate a fractional reserve system. Only a part of their deposit is kept in cash. The proportion of deposits retained in cash is known as the reserve asset ratio or liquidity ratio. Open Market Operations By buying and selling its own bonds the government is able to exert some control over the money supply By buying back its bonds, it will release more cash By selling it will reduce the money in circulation accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Interest Rates High interest rates suppress demand for money due to increased cost of borrowing. Over a period of time the money supply will react to this reduced demand for money by contracting. In UK interest rates are set by Central bank o o o Demand and Suppl y Side Policies Classical view (Do nothing) Keynesian View (Demand Side) Monetarist view (Supply Side)  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Growth Cut interest rates Running a budget deficit Supply side policies (Increase the availability of skilled labour through training schemes etc Others: Protectionist measures to reduce imports Creating a stable economy Tax incentives to boost growth  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Unemployment Cyclical unemployment Unemployment is due to small demand to create employment Monetarist can reduce this unemployment by supply-side measures Frictional Unemployment People who move from job to job are short term unemployed Can be reduced by a provision of better information through job centres and supply policies  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Unemployment Structure and Technological Unemployment Caused due to structural change in economy leading to change in skills required Supply side policies will be more effective †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Government unded retraining schemes Business start up advice and soft loans Help with worker relocation costs Improved information on employment opportunities Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Unemployment Seasonal Unemployment Creates highly seasonal demand for workers Real Wage Unemployment Occur in industries that are highly unioni sed By keeping wages artificially high by the threat of strike action and closed shops, the number of people employed in the industry is reduced  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. om 2008 Achieving Policy Objectives: Inflation Demand-pull inflation If demand for goods and services in the economy is growing faster than the ability of the economy to supply these goods and services, prices will increase Demand side policies would focus on reducing aggregate demand through tax rises, cuts in government spending and higher interest rates Achieving Policy Objectives: Inflation Cost-push inflation If the underlying cost of factors of production increases, this is likely to be reflected in an increase in output prices as firms seek to maintain their profit margin  © accountingclassroom. om 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant i n Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Inflation Imported inflation A weakening of the national currency will increase the cost of imports and lead to domestic inflation This can be reduced by policies to strengthen the national currency Achieving Policy Objectives: Inflation Monetary inflation Inflation can result from over expansion of money supply as it increases the purchasing power If the expansion is faster than the supply of goods it will lead to inflation accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 Student Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business Achieving Policy Objectives: Balance of Payments Balance of Payment Deficits Expenditure reducing strategies: Shrink the domestic economy and thus reduce demand for imports Expenditure switching strategies: †¢ †¢ †¢ Import controls Boost exports Lower exchange rates or devaluation in case of fixed exchange rates  © accountingclassroom. com 2008 S tudent Notes for ACCA F1-Accountant in Business