The ways in which R.L. Stevenson presented good and evil in his novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Example For Students

The ways in which R.L. Stevenson presented good and evil in his novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay This essay will explore the ways in which R.L. Stevenson presented good and evil in his novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, using symbolic opposites as metaphors to describe the natures of certain people in the, for example Mr. Hyde, Dr. Lanyon etc. The gothic/ Victorian setting for this novel ties in with the good and evil stance in which the appearances of certain people and objects can be a deceitful to the reader. Stevenson sets this novel in the Victorian period when there was a thin border between rich and poor, civilisation and barbarism, and occasionally good and evil; which suits the good vs. theme of the novel. We will write a custom essay on The ways in which R.L. Stevenson presented good and evil in his novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stevenson wrote this novel to express how evil can present itself in a variety of different people, even those considered rich, wealthy and upper class. The novel also expresses that no matter how many good deeds you do, you are still vulnerable to doing evil deeds. In the case of the novel itself, Stevenson wrote about a doctor called Jekyll who seemed to be a respectable, good looking, hard working and socially accepted member of the community. Quote Jekyll was a large, well made, smooth faced man of fifty, with something of a stylish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness. However, Jekyll was tempted into the evil that one of his scientific experiments entailed, resulting in the production of his alter ego, Mr. Hyde. Quote: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦think of it I did not even existà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a man who could afford to laugh at suspicion. This quote tells us that Jekyll is considering the advantages of his evil creation, one of which is not existing, which enables him to commit crimes as Hyde without ever being traced, as he would have turned back into Jekyll. This advantage tempts Jekyll to pursue in the experiment, slowly turning him from a person with good intentions, to a person with bad intentions, even though this remains unknow n to those around him until towards the end of the novel. Stevenson believed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦man is not truly one, but two: which we assume is one good side to a person, and one bad or evil side to a person. He expresses this belief through Jekyll, who we see the good and evil personalities of in the novel. Even though Jekyll became evil enough to create Hyde, we see that Hyde is a totally evil alter ego to Jekyll himself, who does nothing good throughout the novel. The point in which we first know that Hyde is a man with a huge lack of morals when he knocks a girl down in the street, then tramples over her and walks off. Quote: And the next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under foot. After a doctor examines the injured girl, he sees Hyde and immediately dislikes him. Quote: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I saw the sawbones turned sick and white with a desire to kill him . This explains that Hyde is  a very ruthless character who some people, like the doctor, dislike or even hate Hyde so much that they want to kill him. Unlike most people, who would feel bad about being disliked or hated by a large number of people, Hyde does not seem to care about being hated by the group of people who were present when he trampled over the girl earlier in the novel. Quote: I never saw a circle of such hateful faces; and there was a man in the middle , with a kind of black, sneering coolnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but carrying it offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ really like Satan. This tells us that instead of Hyde feeling ashamed for what he had done, he stays evilly calm, almost sneeringly, which annoys the group of people standing around him even more. We then get the impression that Hyde is a very much disliked person in the community around him. He is even referred to as being much like Satan in the quote, very much unlike his creator, Dr. Jekyll. In the novel, Stevenson describes Hyde as being small, deformed and purely evil, and going back to Stevensons view that every human being is comprised of one good half and one evil half, we get the impression that Stevenson presents his views on the evil half of all human beings through Hyde, who is half the size of Jekyll because he is Jekylls evil half, evil being only one half of a person in Stevensons belief. Quote: à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦Edward Hyde, alone, in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil. .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .postImageUrl , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:hover , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:visited , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:active { border:0!important; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:active , .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8 .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf99a5b4929bd043231ecdec1f1d996c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the issues that Huxley raises in his novel Brave New World EssayA character that was influenced greatly by Hyde is Dr. Lanyon, who was a friend of Dr. Jekylls. He too was a respectable man who showed no sign of evil. Quote: This was a hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman with a shock of hair prematurely white. This explains that Dr. Lanyon is a man of good health with white hair, which is a sign of wisdom in age. Despite this respectable faÃÆ' §ade, Dr. Lanyon becomes a victim of the evil truth that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are the same person, after Jekyll drinks a potion in front of Dr. Lanyon to change into Mr. Hyde. After this, Dr. Lanyon is very dee ply shocked, which eventually leads to his death. Quote: He had his death-warrant written legibly upon his face. The rosy man had grown pale, his flesh had fallen away; he was visible balder and older. This shows us that as well as Dr. Jekyll, Dr. Lanyon a victim of Hydes evil, and also a victim of his own curiosity to know the explanation to Jekylls odd character later in the novel. This also tells us that Stevenson represent his idea of how easily it is to become a victim of evil through Dr. Lanyon, who we see as a person who is an even combination of good and evil.

Free Essays on Maidens Tears

Maidens Tears Long ago in the land of Skyloo a mother was giving birth to a baby girl. She named her â€Å"Maiden.† Maiden was a beautiful young baby soft brown hair and dark brown eyes. The mother and father were weary of keeping the child, frighten that she might grow to have more beauty than of the Goddess Lydian. Everyone in the village knew that if you have a child that grows to be prettier than that of Lydian the Goddess would punish your child. Days, Months, and years pasted. In those years Maiden became more beautiful than that of Lydian. Mortified Maidens parents made her wear a cloth over her face and forbidden her from taking it off. Maiden did not know of the Goddess of Lydian nor did she know the reasons for her parents’ strange ways. So she did what she was told, until she met Dorian. Dorian was Lydian’s evil twin brother; he was a very sly young man, who had heard of this beautiful lady by the name of Maiden. One day Dorian decided to go down to the village Skyloo to see Maiden. At the first sight of Dorian Maiden fell in love, hoping to marry him. Being he was a stranger to the town the only polite thing to do was to take him in. So for five years Dorian stayed with Maiden and her family. In those five years Maiden and Dorian became very attached. Then one day Dorian asked Maidens hand in marriage, Maiden accepted. The day of the wedding was set and they were to be married. For 5 years Dorian had been acting to be in love with Maiden, for his plan was to see how beautiful she really was and for his sister to get horribly jealous. Finally his plan was about to take action after so long. On the day of the wedding it was pouring outside making the wedding not as wonderful as Maiden had planned. Everyone in the village was there, even some of the Gods and Goddess came in disguise, to support Dorian. Dorian was in such a mess, being too tense wanting to take the cloth off of her face at the end of ... Free Essays on Maidens Tears Free Essays on Maidens Tears Maidens Tears Long ago in the land of Skyloo a mother was giving birth to a baby girl. She named her â€Å"Maiden.† Maiden was a beautiful young baby soft brown hair and dark brown eyes. The mother and father were weary of keeping the child, frighten that she might grow to have more beauty than of the Goddess Lydian. Everyone in the village knew that if you have a child that grows to be prettier than that of Lydian the Goddess would punish your child. Days, Months, and years pasted. In those years Maiden became more beautiful than that of Lydian. Mortified Maidens parents made her wear a cloth over her face and forbidden her from taking it off. Maiden did not know of the Goddess of Lydian nor did she know the reasons for her parents’ strange ways. So she did what she was told, until she met Dorian. Dorian was Lydian’s evil twin brother; he was a very sly young man, who had heard of this beautiful lady by the name of Maiden. One day Dorian decided to go down to the village Skyloo to see Maiden. At the first sight of Dorian Maiden fell in love, hoping to marry him. Being he was a stranger to the town the only polite thing to do was to take him in. So for five years Dorian stayed with Maiden and her family. In those five years Maiden and Dorian became very attached. Then one day Dorian asked Maidens hand in marriage, Maiden accepted. The day of the wedding was set and they were to be married. For 5 years Dorian had been acting to be in love with Maiden, for his plan was to see how beautiful she really was and for his sister to get horribly jealous. Finally his plan was about to take action after so long. On the day of the wedding it was pouring outside making the wedding not as wonderful as Maiden had planned. Everyone in the village was there, even some of the Gods and Goddess came in disguise, to support Dorian. Dorian was in such a mess, being too tense wanting to take the cloth off of her face at the end of ...

The United Nations History, Organization, Functions

The United Nations History, Organization, Functions The United Nations is an international organization designed to make the enforcement of international law, security, and human rights; economic development; and social progress easier for countries around the world. The United Nations includes 193 member countries  and two permanent observer entities  that cannot vote. Its main headquarters is in New York City. History and Principles of the United Nations Prior to the United Nations (UN), the League of Nations was the international organization responsible for ensuring peace and cooperation between world nations. It was founded in 1919 to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security. At its height, the League of Nations had 58 members and was considered successful. In the 1930s, its success waned as the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) gained influence, eventually leading to the start of World War II in 1939. The term United Nations was then coined in 1942 by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Declaration by United Nations. This declaration was made to officially state the cooperation of the Allies (Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and other nations during World War II. The UN as it is known today, however, was not officially founded until 1945 when the Charter of the United Nations was drafted at the UN Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California. Representatives of 50 nations and several non-governmental organizations attended the conference, all of which signed the charter. The UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, after its charters ratification. The principles of the UN are to save future generations from war, reaffirm human rights, and establish equal rights for all persons. In addition, it also aims to promote justice, freedom, and social progress for the peoples of all of its member states. Organization of the UN Today To handle the complex task of getting its member states to cooperate most efficiently, the UN today is divided into five branches. The first is the UN General Assembly. This is the main decision-making and representative assembly and is responsible for upholding the principles of the UN through its policies and recommendations. It is composed of all member states, is headed by a president elected from the member states, and meets from September to December each year. The UN Security Council is another branch and is the most powerful. It can authorize the deployment of UN member states militaries, can mandate a cease-fire during conflicts and can enforce penalties on countries if they do not comply with given mandates. It is composed of five permanent members and 10 rotating members. The next branch of the UN is the International Court of Justice, located in The Hague, Netherlands. Next, the Economic and Social Council assists the General Assembly in promoting economic and social development as well as the cooperation of member states. Finally, the Secretariat is the branch headed by the Secretary-General. Its main responsibility is providing studies, information, and other data when needed by other UN branches for their meetings. Membership Today, almost every fully recognized independent state is a member of the UN. To become a member of the UN, a state must accept both peace and all obligations outlined in charter and be willing to carry out any action to satisfy those obligations. The final decision on admission to the UN is carried out by the General Assembly after recommendation by the Security Council. Functions of the United Nations Today As it was in the past, the main function of the UN today is to maintain peace and security for all of its member states. Though the UN does not maintain its own military, it does have peacekeeping forces that are supplied by its member states. On approval of the UN Security Council, these peacekeepers are, for example, sent to regions where armed conflict has recently ended to discourage combatants from resuming fighting. In 1988, the peacekeeping force won a Nobel Peace Prize for its actions. In addition to maintaining peace, the UN aims to protect human rights and provide humanitarian assistance when needed. In 1948, the General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a standard for its human rights operations. The UN currently provides technical assistance in elections, helps to improve judicial structures and draft constitutions trains human rights officials, and provides food, drinking water, shelter, and other humanitarian services to peoples displaced by famine, war, and natural disaster. Finally, the UN plays an integral part in social and economic development through its UN Development Program. This is the largest source of technical grant assistance in the world. In addition, the World Health Organization; UNAIDS; The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; the UN Population Fund; and the World Bank Group, to name a few, play an essential role in this aspect of the UN. The parent organization also annually publishes the Human Development Index to rank countries in terms of poverty, literacy, education, and life expectancy. Millennium Development Goals At the turn of the century, the UN established what it called its Millennium Development Goals. Most of its member states and various international organizations agreed to target goals relating to reducing poverty and child mortality, fighting diseases and epidemics, and developing a global partnership in terms of international development, by 2015. A report issued as the deadline neared noted the progress that had been made, lauding efforts in developing nations, and noted shortfalls as well that need continued focus: people still living in poverty without access to services, gender inequality, the wealth gap, and climate changes effects on the poorest people.

Case Study on Marketing and Public Relation strategies for local movie

On Marketing and Public Relation strategies for local movie theater - Case Study Example It is imperative to have an understanding of the business environment within which the Carmike Cinema in Lawton operates in. Acknowledging competition is one way through which a workable approach would be sought. In the area of Lawton, there are other movie theatres. The other theatres include the Dickinson Central Mall 12 theatre or even Vaska theatres. The existence of competition, therefore, should inform the business tact employed at the theatre. Any business model should be aligned with the demographics within which it operates in. For the movie theatre, it is imperative to understand the imminent trends in the Lawton area. For instance, the local population, as was statistically recorded in the census done in 2011, was 98,177 (City of Lawton). Consequently, the target population for the movie theatre should work with the figure in mind. Besides, the figure should put into consideration the possible turn out from the whole population. This should be a figure worked with the competition from the Dickison Central Mall theatre in mind. In reference to cutting a niche in business, most organizations are focusing on how to effectively and efficiently win the perception and acceptance of their services by the consumers (Cutlip, Allen & Glen 49). Business organizations have developed and implemented new marketing strategies such as low pricing and extensive distribution of products as well as new public relations strategies in ord er to receive positive perception from the public. Every movie theatre has to have an online portal through which it reaches out to its clients. In as much as the Carmike theatre has an official website, the usability that the interface offers is unlike other recognized portals. In this case, a comparison is done against the online portal for Regal Entertainment Group. Improving the outlook of the online portal is one way of improving its perception among the public. It offers a means through which the movie theatre gets marketed to

The Issues of Gender Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Issues of Gender Inequality - Essay Example A typical case that shocked me was the ordeal of a close female friend. In fact, it is without a doubt upsetting and unforgettable. Philip and I looked at the scene helplessly as Jennifer; our best friend and classmate faced the wrath of her fuming father after she refused a proposal to abandon school for a rich man her father forced her to marry. What was even more disgusting was the age difference. We had just joined college together with Jennifer. I looked at her straight in the face and realized something was amiss. Emotions were literarily overcoming the slender and innocent-looking girl. The next day, I sought to inquire from her about what exactly transpired. The young girl spoke candidly; she narrated her ordeal trying to break down the difficulties, as well as challenges she had gone through in the hands of her own parents. Jennifer was categorical that men had a huge influence on female lives (Mary Wollstonecraft). It was heartbreaking to hear from the helpless girl how her efforts and pleas to evade attempts by her father to force her into marrying the wealthy 52-year-old man were always futile. It is beyond any logical reasoning for such a respected man to make a harsh resolve decide for his daughter when and the kind of man she should marry. It is even more complicated bearing in mind that the girl was industrious and focused to achieve her dream plan of sensitizing women in the society regarding the importance of fighting for gender equality (Mary Wollstonecraft). Against expectations, the extent to which the practice had almost become the norm in the neighboring community was even alarming. Philip and I were always against the stereotype that said women are the weaker gender. I have personally seen the positive, as well as negative sides of gender stereotyping and believed they were both harsh and discriminatory against women. It beat logic when some individuals argue that men are wiser than their female counterparts are (Mary Wollstonecraft).  

Frankenstein coursework Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein coursework Essay Frankenstein was written in 1816 by female novelist, Mary Shelley. She was only 18 at the time she had the idea for it. Her, her boyfriend Percy Shelley (whom she later married) and some of her friends were on holiday at the shore of lake Geneva in Switzerland, and at the time it was pouring down outside, so one of them decided that they should have a competition to see who could create the scariest horror story. Each person tried desperately to think of one, so much that they tried eating things that would give them nightmares. Mary had the idea of a creature being brought to life, which then lead to the birth of Frankenstein.  This book is often referred to as the modern Prometheus, named after a greek god who stole power from heaven to create life from lifeless materials. When this book was first published, it was done so under an anonymous name because in those days women were not supposed to do things like  Write horror stories and therefore would have been outcast.  Summary  This story is based upon an English man called Robert Walton who is writing to his sister back in England. He is seeking to find the North Pole. In doing this, he finds a man called Victor Frankenstein floating on a piece of ice. Walton drags the man aboard and revives him. When Frankenstein is recovered he starts to tell his story.  He begins to tell Walton about his father and how he came to life, and goes on to talk about his childhood. At this time everything seems fine as Frankenstein appears to have had a very happy time as a child with his family, but it is after this that things start to go wrong. Frankenstein tells of how he goes to university to study natural philosophy, otherwise known as chemistry. It is from this that he goes on to make the discovery he so dearly goes to regret the discovery of giving new life to dead material.  He goes on to say that with this discovery he begins to build a new being. He not only begins to build it, he becomes obsessed with creating new life and even though he becomes ill he continues with it until it is done. He explains how excited he is with what he is doing and how he cant wait to get it finished. However, when it does spring to life the last emotion Frankenstein feels is joy. He is horrified by his creation, and runs out of his room. He returns later to find, to his extreme delight, the monster to be gone. Frankenstein soon forgets about it and decides to return to Geneva to visit his family who he has not seen for 5 years. He returns to discover some grave news.  His younger brother, William, has been murdered and his adopted sister, Justine, has been accused of the crime. Frankenstein instantly knows who had really performed the act. He knew that it was the monster he created which had done this heinous deed. He knew, however, if he told the court that they would not believe him, so Justine was convicted and executed. This filled Frankenstein with great bitterness and hatred towards the monster. He decides to go for a walk in the Alps to take his mind off things. It is here where he confronts the monster for the second time.  When Frankenstein sees the monster his first instinct is to kill it, but the monster is a lot bigger than stronger than him. The monster then tells Frankenstein to listen to what he says and then judge him. This is where the monster tells his story.  He says that he came into the world with no understanding of anything around him, like a fully-grown baby. After his confrontation with Frankenstein, he walked out into a park, where he found berries to eat and a stream to drink from. He then moved out into the countryside where he had numerous encounters with humans hed rather forget about. Whenever humans saw him, they either ran away or attacked the monster. This upset him, because he did not wish to harm them. Eventually, he found a small hovel (small hut) on a farm. It was here he stayed for a long time. He learnt the names of the people who lived on the farm, and also their history, that they were sent out of France by the government because they were planning to free someone from prison. The monster slowly picked up their language of these people and also how to read from old books they threw out. He helped the family by cutting wood for them at night in the winter at night, and generally became quite attracted to the family. After a year and a bit, the monster decided he would confront the family. This went well at first because firstly he met the old man. This was an advantage to the monster because the old man was blind and couldnt judge him by his looks. However, when the rest of the family came home they were horrified by the monsters appearance and attacked him. The monster was very upset by this and ran out of the house.  He ran out into the forest, and returned the following morning to discover the family rushing to leave the place from the monster. He was so angered by this that he trashed the farm, destroying everything and burning it all. The monster then set his sights on returning to Geneva. He spent about half a year travelling but eventually got there.  When he got there he discovered Frankensteins younger brother, William. The monster grabbed the boy, and he started shouting so he tried to silence him by choking him and ended up killing him. The monster found a pendant round the boys neck, and out it round a girl who was sleeping nearby, and then ran. It is here the monster concludes his story.

Cultural Event :: essays research papers

Scissors, Paper, Rock! For my first cultural event, I attended the University Performing Dancers rendition of â€Å"Scissors, Paper, Rock!†. This dance performance took place in University Hall here on campus. This performance is considered a cultural event because the game Rock, Paper, Scissors is an ancient game that many different cultures have claimed to invented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the program handed out at the performance, Japan has claimed its origins in Janken or Roe, Sham, Boe (Rock, Paper, Scissors). The game is called Muk-chee Bah in Korea. Renditions of the hand game are also played in Indonesia, Austria, France, Canada, Yugoslavia, and elsewhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All these different cultures have claims to have invented the game, and it is such a popular game, somebody made a modern dance performance related to the certain aspects that Scissors, Paper, and Rock have. Scissors, cold, cutting, slicing. Paper, light, soft, airy. Rock, pebble, hard, stone. These are some of the adjectives the narrator used in the performance. There were six different dances in the performance, each one different in their own cultural way. Dances like â€Å"Oshun, Goddess of Love† were based on actual beliefs. Oshun is the goddess of the rivers, fertility, abundance, and love among the Yoruba people of Nigeria. The dance is a creative exploration of the meaning of Oshun as a force of nature. Other dances performed such as â€Å"Paper Moon† are attempts to shape the timelessness found in play, such as ritual, and performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different dances came from different cultures in this performance. As I had said before, â€Å"Oshun, Goddess of Love†, came from Africa. It arrived in America during the slave trade and has been here ever since. â€Å"Paper Moon† came from Japan. The text from the dance came from an adaptation from â€Å"Omoiyari†, which is an ancient Japanese dance ritual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dance is a part of every culture. Whether it is the fire dances of the native Hawaiians, or the Tango from Spain, dance is a part of every culture. This event is not an event I would usually attend. I am not into art of any kind except music. At first, there were two reasons I went to this performance.

American Industrialization And Immigration

This song, written for the Yiddish theatre around 1900 by Hyman Prizit and Abe Schwarz, is a fairly good summation of the essay The Uprooted, written about 50 years later by Oscar Handlin. The second great wave of immigrants during the last half of the nineteenth century consisted of peasant farmers from Eastern and Southern Europe as well as Scandinavia, forced off of lands that had sustained them for generations, no longer able to extract a living from it, or fleeing persecutions and repressive, quasi-feudal governments.The had heard of â€Å"Amerika,† where the streets were paved with gold and land was there for the taking. Often spending all they had, those who survived the crossing arrived and found the streets paved not with gold, but with the blood, sweat and toil of those who were exploited to create gold for elite ruling classes that were often more oppressive than those they had fled. The difference was in the nature of the exploitation and oppression. Whereas in the â€Å"Old Country,† physical violence had most often been the tool of oppression – Cossacks, private police, etc.– in the industrial-capitalistic U. S. , the oppression was economic. Those who controlled the means of production, then as now, though only of maximizing and internalizing profits while minimizing and externalizing costs. Human life meant nothing to the industrial capitalist overlords. Had not the 13th Amendment outlawed slavery, they would have happily enslaved the newcomers in order to keep themselves in luxury. A few of the immigrants were able to escape the cities, and even fewer managed to acquire land and establish farms.Most however found themselves trapped in a system that not only cut them off from the land, entrapping them in a virtual jungle of concrete, brick and stone, but found their very lives subject to economic cycles, manipulations and machinations they could neither understand nor control. When employment was available, the demand s of the corporate leeches robbed the immigrant laborers of the comforts of family, culture and even religious faith, since workers were often required to work seven days a week.In Ethnic Enclaves and the Worker’s Saloon, Roy Rosenzweig describes how the workers of one city were able to take back some power from their corporate overlords, and how the unique character of this city made it even possible. Worcester Massachusetts was unusual in a number of ways. Unlike many industrial towns, it was not located near a navigable river nor a source of raw materials. Additionally, during the wave of corporate mergers and acquisition that took place during the first â€Å"Robber Baron† era around the turn of the 20th century, most of the factories in Worcester managed to remain under local control.â€Å"Control† was the operative word, here; the families who started Worcester’s industries virtually controlled the community. As in large port cities such as Baltimor e, New York and Boston, the immigrant workforce was a mixed lot who often could not see beyond their own ethnic and religious differences to realize that as workers, they shared many of the same problems. In addition, the control of city politics by the industrial capitalists made it difficult for working-class people to get involved in the system in any sort of active way. This, combined with â€Å"the carrot of paternalism† (i. e., â€Å"faith-based initiatives,† charity organizations, educational programs) and the â€Å"stick of repression† (threat of firings if workers were suspected of union activity, tracking of personal information and the use of company spies) helped the elite classes maintain control over the workforce (88). As the ethnic landscape grew more diverse, the individual ethnic communities began to â€Å"circle the wagons,† metaphorically speaking; the results were an â€Å"interweaving of church, fraternal lodge and family† tha t allowed built a support system for the various communities – who were, often as not, at odds with each other.This in combination with the more structured, disciplinarian and authoritarian structure in the workplace that inhibited socialization, gave rise to the saloons – literal drinking establishments as the working class began to have more leisure time. Whereas in earlier times, drinking and socializing on the job (primarily in artisan and agricultural industries) was permissible, in the more mechanized industrial workplace, it was not (more because the bosses wanted more control over their workers rather than out of any real concern for their safety, one suspects).This also had the effect of separating the male from home and family to a greater degree (89). U. S. history appears to run in cycles, with a pendulum that swings from an egalitarian, socialistic economic model in which the economy serves the people, to a quasi-feudal, hyper-capitalistic, laissez-faire s ystem in which a few ruthless individuals claw their way to the top of the socio-economic ladder and become economic leeches, literally feeding off of the blood and sweat of honest laborers while contributing little, if anything to the betterment of society (cases in point – the Walton (Wal-Mart) family, Paris Hilton and the Bush dynasty).Like today, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a period of capitalism run amuck, justified by a sick, twisted perversion of Christianity preached by a murderous sociopath over four hundred years before in Geneva, Switzerland. Like the medieval Catholicism, Calvinism has been used to justify authoritarianism dominance by a patriarchal, self-appointed aristocracy, whose only interests are in the accumulation of wealth and power over society.Human needs and even lives mean nothing to these predators (although their Congressional lap-dogs and lickspittles are not above moralizing about a â€Å"culture of life† – as long as it involves people who are either still in the womb, are vegetative, or anyone else for whom they themselves don’t need to take any direct responsibility). The tragedy is that the concept of the sweatshop and worker exploitation has never completely disappeared, despite the efforts of the â€Å"saloons† and the union movements that ultimately grew from them.In the 1930’s, Franklin Roosevelt literally â€Å"saved capitalism from itself† with the New Deal that among other things, strengthened worker protections and the right to form a union. For about four decades, these policies resulted in the establishment of a solid middle class – corresponding to the â€Å"yeomanry† that Thomas Jefferson himself said was the bedrock of a democracy. Like the first middle class of the U. S. , which existed between 1790 and 1840, this middle class was politically savvy and involved.When this activism forced an end to their highly profitable war in Vietnam, the politicians and their corporate backers in the war industries responded with a â€Å"new† brand of conservatism which was really the same kind of predatory, â€Å"robber baron† economics that FDR had tried to end. The ultimate goal of today’s neo-conservatism is to end democracy and replace it with feudalism by destroying the middle and working classes – something Reagan and his three successors have been doing quite effectively.Since the labor laws that would have permitted a return to child labor, sweatshops and twelve-hour, seven-day-a-week work schedules would be hard to overcome, this labor was simply shipped overseas to nations where such things were permitted. This not only allowed corporate capitalists to maximize profits to obscene levels on the backs of these workers, it also robbed American workers of their livelihoods, and has put much of the middle class in such economic insecurity, they have little time or inclination for activ ism.This was made possible by a number of things: Reagan’s intentional failure to enforce the Sherman Act, and the elimination of the tariffs that financed a great deal of the federal government for 200 years. This was followed by â€Å"Free Trade† agreements that are in fact â€Å"free† for large corporate interests, but exact a heavy price on everyone else, and the transfer of the â€Å"commons† – that which the citizens of a nation hold in ownership collectively – to private, predatory, profit-driven corporations.The results are clear, if not generally spoken of my a bought-and-paid-for corporate media: 46 million U. S. citizens with no access to health care, the destruction and continuing neglect of a major port city, the rape of a foreign country on behalf of private corporate oil interests (being protected in large part by a private, well-paid mercenary army while U. S. ground troops go without the most basic necessities), the deterior ation of public education, the sell-out of U. S.industry and infrastructure to foreign interests, the near-destruction of the middle class as wealth is stolen through regressive taxes and transferred to economic parasites such as the Walton family. Handlin paints an accurate picture of a time that not only was, but is in great danger of returning. The only hope for the U. S. is suggested by Rosenzweig, which is actually being seen today on the Internet. Today’s Progressive on-line blogs and chatrooms are the new â€Å"Saloons,† where the issues outlined above – long ignored or misunderstood by a citizenry lulled by the panen et circensem of today – are finally being discussed.While the majority of â€Å"Republicrats† and â€Å"Demopublicans† in Congress continue to thumb their noses at the citizens they claim to represent as they continue to enable a dysfunctional, sociopathic, twice-unelected â€Å"president† and his fascist-leaning cohorts, today’s technology has made it impossible to hide the corruption and decay completely. History runs in cycles. Just as the last quarter-century has seen the return of exploitive Robber Baron capitalism, so has the Internet provided â€Å"Saloons† where the working class can once again take back what is rightfully theirs and create an economy that serves people – not the other way around.

American workforce

The American workforce is becoming diversified than ever.   The issue on workplace discrimination has been around since time immemorial. Discrimination is part of the process of three components, the cognitive, affective and behavioral. The behavioral component means the tendency to take negative actions against a particular group. The behavior stems form attitudes and feelings which constitute prejudice. Although prejudice is generally negative it is not as damaging as discrimination. The behavior component makes it possible to make the thoughts become real. Research has found that discrimination in any form is detrimental to the well being of the discriminated individual (Mathis & Jackson, 2004). The workplace is the place in which the employee comes to work on his tasks and to carry out his profession. If the workplace is non-discriminatory, the employee is more likely to work effectively and efficiently and to increase productivity and performance as well. The most common methods employed by organizations to ensure that their work environment is non-discriminatory are to conduct sensitivity trainings, to provide provisions for grievances and complaints of discriminatory behavior and to follow non-discriminatory guidelines in terms of hiring, selection and promotions. Sensitivity trainings are common in most organizations especially if the company is culturally diverse as well as sexual orientation, disability and religion. The advantages of using sensitivity trainings to make employees become aware of the prejudices and discrimination they may have for other people and teaches the employees how to change their thoughts about minority groups in an experiential manner. It also communicates to each employee that an individual is a person in his/her own right and should be respected as such, and not be accorded respect based on one’s race, religion or sex. The disadvantage in using this method is that if  employees do not have a positive attitude towards the training then this would surely limit their capacity to learn from the sessions. Moreover, sensitivity trainings are periodically given and is not reinforced thus limiting its effectiveness. The provisions for grievances and complaints communicate to the employees that discrimination will not be tolerated by the management. It is effective as a control mechanism to lessen discrimination in the workplace and make the employees become cautious of their behavior. This method does not really ensure that the workplace would be discrimination free since it does not teach the employees why discrimination is wrong. It only holds people accountable for their actions, although it gives the employees who belong to the minority group comfort. Besides, discrimination may come in subtle forms and not even many employees who are victims of discrimination will file a complaint for fear of repercussions in terms of inter-office politics. Hiring, selection and promotion of employees based on merit and performance is a non-discriminatory principle to ensure that people become part of the organization based on criteria that can be achieved by most people. The difficulty with this measure is that although it is an objective measure, subjectivity is still present. It is common knowledge that when it comes to promotions and even selecting candidates for the job a certain amount of subjectivity that cannot be monitored by a guideline. It also does not consider that mangers may have their own prejudices which may dictate their decisions on hiring and promotion. References Bohlander, G. & Snell, S. (2003). Managing Human Resources 13th ed., South-Western College Publication Fitzenz, J. (2001). How to Measure Human Resource Management 3rd. ed , New York; McGraw-Hill Mathis, R. & Jackson, J. (2004). Human Resource Management 11th ed., South-Western College Publication    American workforce The American workforce is becoming diversified than ever.   The issue on workplace discrimination has been around since time immemorial. Discrimination is part of the process of three components, the cognitive, affective and behavioral. The behavioral component means the tendency to take negative actions against a particular group. The behavior stems form attitudes and feelings which constitute prejudice. Although prejudice is generally negative it is not as damaging as discrimination. The behavior component makes it possible to make the thoughts become real. Research has found that discrimination in any form is detrimental to the well being of the discriminated individual (Mathis & Jackson, 2004). The workplace is the place in which the employee comes to work on his tasks and to carry out his profession. If the workplace is non-discriminatory, the employee is more likely to work effectively and efficiently and to increase productivity and performance as well. The most common methods employed by organizations to ensure that their work environment is non-discriminatory are to conduct sensitivity trainings, to provide provisions for grievances and complaints of discriminatory behavior and to follow non-discriminatory guidelines in terms of hiring, selection and promotions. Sensitivity trainings are common in most organizations especially if the company is culturally diverse as well as sexual orientation, disability and religion. The advantages of using sensitivity trainings to make employees become aware of the prejudices and discrimination they may have for other people and teaches the employees how to change their thoughts about minority groups in an experiential manner. It also communicates to each employee that an individual is a person in his/her own right and should be respected as such, and not be accorded respect based on one’s race, religion or sex. The disadvantage in using this method is that if  employees do not have a positive attitude towards the training then this would surely limit their capacity to learn from the sessions. Moreover, sensitivity trainings are periodically given and is not reinforced thus limiting its effectiveness. The provisions for grievances and complaints communicate to the employees that discrimination will not be tolerated by the management. It is effective as a control mechanism to lessen discrimination in the workplace and make the employees become cautious of their behavior. This method does not really ensure that the workplace would be discrimination free since it does not teach the employees why discrimination is wrong. It only holds people accountable for their actions, although it gives the employees who belong to the minority group comfort. Besides, discrimination may come in subtle forms and not even many employees who are victims of discrimination will file a complaint for fear of repercussions in terms of inter-office politics. Hiring, selection and promotion of employees based on merit and performance is a non-discriminatory principle to ensure that people become part of the organization based on criteria that can be achieved by most people. The difficulty with this measure is that although it is an objective measure, subjectivity is still present. It is common knowledge that when it comes to promotions and even selecting candidates for the job a certain amount of subjectivity that cannot be monitored by a guideline. It also does not consider that mangers may have their own prejudices which may dictate their decisions on hiring and promotion. References Bohlander, G. & Snell, S. (2003). Managing Human Resources 13th ed., South-Western College Publication Fitzenz, J. (2001). How to Measure Human Resource Management 3rd. ed , New York; McGraw-Hill Mathis, R. & Jackson, J. (2004). Human Resource Management 11th ed., South-Western College Publication   

Slang Words Ending in O

Slang Words Ending in O Slang Words Ending in O Slang Words Ending in O By Mark Nichol Among the more curious classes of slang words is that of terms ending in the letter o, the topic of this post. Several categories exist in which informal words end in o. Among the oldest are those consisting of words to which an extraneous o has been added, such as cheerio (from cheer or cheery), which in British English is used as a greeting or a farewell, and boyo, an extension of boy, just as kiddo is derived from kid. Sometimes, a word ending in o is simply a truncation of a word in which o is naturally the last letter of the abbreviation, such as condo, for condominium, which originally meant â€Å"joint rule or sovereignty† but in the mid-twentieth century came to refer to a privately owned apartment. (The word to which the element con-, meaning â€Å"with,† has been attached is cognate with domain.) Another example is demo, short for demonstration, in the sense of a presentation of a product or a rough version of a music recording. Sometimes the o is attached to a truncated word after the first syllable regardless of which vowel follows in the full form of the word, as in aggro, for aggressive (generally to describe a hostile person or hostile behavior); ammo, for ammunition; combo, for combination (usually in the sense of a small ensemble of musicians, especially those who play jazz); convo, for conversation; and journo, for journalist. Australia is fertile ground for word formation of this type (as well as other diminutive forms, such as applying -ie, as in alkie, for alcoholic, and barbie, for barbecue). Some more obscure abbreviations from Australia include arvo, for afternoon; doggo (in the expression â€Å"lie doggo,† meaning â€Å"lay low†); and muso, for musician. One slightly truncated word in American English is rando, from random; several decades ago, the latter word was first employed as a noun to describe a peculiar person, and from there it acquired the sense of someone who is sketchy or undesirable. Rando inherited that connotation, usually in the context of a stranger who unexpectedly tries to make contact with another person, either in person or through social media. An older, synonymic term is weirdo, which sports an o attached to weird. On this model was beardo formed to refer to someone sporting a trendy-looking full, bushy beard, especially one who might also be tagged a rando or a weirdo. Occasionally, a word ending in o is adopted from another language. In the case of mondo, which denotes excessiveness or outrageousness, it derives ultimately from the Italian word for world; the context is Mondo Cane, the title of an Italian documentary about human eccentricity. (The loose English translation of the title is A Dog’s Life; cane is cognate with canine.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsExcited ABOUT, not "for" 150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

Achievements of the EU

Achievements of the EU Mao Julin Hay Jean Leang Pisey Kim Chansreynich Hao Kanhamonisopea Bun Kimsour European Union (EU) is a union formed by mainly European countries, which is established in term of economy and politics. Its origin is European Community that formally created in November 1, 1993 which involves with 6 members-Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherland. Nowadays, there are 28 members. EU’s headquarter is located in Brussels, Belgium. So far, European Union has reached many achievements such as the promotion and expansion of cooperation with its Member States in economic, trade, social issues, foreign policy, security, defense, and judicial issues. Another major accomplishment of EU is the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) that makes EU succeed in having a single currency (EURO) along with a common monetary policy. EU is famous for its economy on which many countries around the world are being focused. Economic integration is one of the main goals that EU has considered since its first establishment in 1957, and it has a significantly visible success based on fundamentally by a single currency-the Euro. It is a common currency in the circle of euro area that recently can facilitate the monetary circulation in 18 countries of the member states. Interestingly, its achievement of becoming the second largest currency of the world after dollars has pushed the European community’s economy to flourish further. Euro contributes to maintain the stability and prospect of economic society climate, which attract more investment and international or regional trade through the convenient calculation without involving with the foreign exchange rate. The common monetary policy has been adopted in order to acquire greater achievement, common objective and ensure benefits of all euro area states that use euro as their currency. In addition, cross-border trade and investment are the ultimate goal of Euro zone countries. EU removed trade barri ers in order to facilitate the flow of goods and services, which can fill in each other’s gap between the Member States. The common purpose is to increase competition and take away all restriction obstacles of the free movement of goods in the Common Market so that they can accelerate the economic development. The mobility of products, goods and capital facilitate human consumption within the region. Moreover, the free movement of capital is intended to permit movement of investments such as property purchase and buying of shares between countries. All intra-EU transfers in euro are considered as domestic payments and bear the corresponding domestic transfer costs. Another EU achievement is a so-called Custom Union, which was established in an attempt to adopt the common arrangement for imports from other countries based on common external tariff, provides to all members. This effort is made to develop the world trade and facilitate trade beyond border from all countries arou nd the world. What is more important about its achievements is to establish a society with the same rule for different nationalities; for example, people from each country in the name as membership of EU can possibly travel and move freely to settle down, work, retire, or vote, either permanently or temporarily, without any discrimination. For students who want to experience cross-border education. Thousands of students from EU citizen can get a common standard of education simultaneously experience intercultural understanding and good condition of living and studying in other European member states annually. Due to common passport creation, it has been granted to EU people in order to be indicated as EU citizen and move freely.

Achievements of the EU

Achievements of the EU Mao Julin Hay Jean Leang Pisey Kim Chansreynich Hao Kanhamonisopea Bun Kimsour European Union (EU) is a union formed by mainly European countries, which is established in term of economy and politics. Its origin is European Community that formally created in November 1, 1993 which involves with 6 members-Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherland. Nowadays, there are 28 members. EU’s headquarter is located in Brussels, Belgium. So far, European Union has reached many achievements such as the promotion and expansion of cooperation with its Member States in economic, trade, social issues, foreign policy, security, defense, and judicial issues. Another major accomplishment of EU is the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) that makes EU succeed in having a single currency (EURO) along with a common monetary policy. EU is famous for its economy on which many countries around the world are being focused. Economic integration is one of the main goals that EU has considered since its first establishment in 1957, and it has a significantly visible success based on fundamentally by a single currency-the Euro. It is a common currency in the circle of euro area that recently can facilitate the monetary circulation in 18 countries of the member states. Interestingly, its achievement of becoming the second largest currency of the world after dollars has pushed the European community’s economy to flourish further. Euro contributes to maintain the stability and prospect of economic society climate, which attract more investment and international or regional trade through the convenient calculation without involving with the foreign exchange rate. The common monetary policy has been adopted in order to acquire greater achievement, common objective and ensure benefits of all euro area states that use euro as their currency. In addition, cross-border trade and investment are the ultimate goal of Euro zone countries. EU removed trade barri ers in order to facilitate the flow of goods and services, which can fill in each other’s gap between the Member States. The common purpose is to increase competition and take away all restriction obstacles of the free movement of goods in the Common Market so that they can accelerate the economic development. The mobility of products, goods and capital facilitate human consumption within the region. Moreover, the free movement of capital is intended to permit movement of investments such as property purchase and buying of shares between countries. All intra-EU transfers in euro are considered as domestic payments and bear the corresponding domestic transfer costs. Another EU achievement is a so-called Custom Union, which was established in an attempt to adopt the common arrangement for imports from other countries based on common external tariff, provides to all members. This effort is made to develop the world trade and facilitate trade beyond border from all countries arou nd the world. What is more important about its achievements is to establish a society with the same rule for different nationalities; for example, people from each country in the name as membership of EU can possibly travel and move freely to settle down, work, retire, or vote, either permanently or temporarily, without any discrimination. For students who want to experience cross-border education. Thousands of students from EU citizen can get a common standard of education simultaneously experience intercultural understanding and good condition of living and studying in other European member states annually. Due to common passport creation, it has been granted to EU people in order to be indicated as EU citizen and move freely.

Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the Essay

Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the subject drawing relevant conclusions - Essay Example Undertake a literature search on overhead costs and write about the subject drawing relevant conclusions On the other hand, labour and material costs are easily traceable and can therefore easily be associated with the final product (Hartley, 2009). The allocation and measurement of overhead costs is therefore a very important factor in accounting given that it makes no sense to engage in production if the business experiences much overhead cost that cannot balance the revenues (Hilton, 2012). The overhead costs in business are basically the costs the ongoing expenses realized in the operations. They include electricity, rent wages and gas. The name overhead arises out of the fact that these costs cannot be easily associated with the final products but are nevertheless imperative for the continued functioning of the business (Kieso & Weygandt, 2001). In any case, most of the overhead costs are not directly related to the business. For instance full rent for the premises has to be paid whether the business operates for fewer hours or not. In the income statement, the overhead costs inclu de all the costs except direct materials, direct labour and direct expenses (Horngren, 2002). Overhead allocation In most cases, the overhead costs are normally much higher than the direct costs. In this regard, accountants must effectively allocate overhead costs to the inventory. Overhead costs normally fall into two categories. Administrative overheads include all the costs realized in production and development of goods such as front office and sales. Manufacturing overheads include all the costs incurred by the business other than direct costs (Innes & Mitchell, 2005). It is imperative to allocate the manufacturing overheads to the inventory items classified as finished goods or work in progress. However, the overheads should not be allocated to the raw materials. In one procedure, all the manufacturing costs are accumulated into cost pools and then an activity formula is applied in apportioning the overheads in the cost pools to the inventory in the business. As such, the allo cation formula becomes: Cost pool/Total activity measure= Overhead allocation per Unit Absorption costing In some cases, the overhead costs are ignored from the general expenses realized by a business. In this case, absorption costing is an important way of ensuring that such omissions are well addressed. Unlike variable costing where the fixed costs are not actually absorbed by the product, absorption costing ensures that all the direct costs realized in the production of goods are factored within the cost base. In this case, absorption costing is important given that the fixed cost normally provide future benefits to the business. Through the use of absorption costing, the overhead costs are easily included in the total production costs and can therefore be attributed to any unit production. Tax advantages Manufacturing overhead costs are normally tax deductible. It is therefore very important for the business to effectively track all these cost to the overall manufacturing expens es. In this case, the taxable income can greatly be reduced and subsequently lower the tax burden for the business (Khalik, 2008). Most of the overhead costs are normally deductible in the very year they are incurred which actually works to the advantage of the business. Nevertheless, equipment is depreciated over a period of years. Disadvantages Rising prices Considering the inflationary environment realized in the present business environment, the rising overhead costs